Embedded Technical Expression: Code and the Leveraging of Functionality     

Matt Ratto 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):205-213

Abstract

In this article, I argue that a key problem for understanding the social ramifications of software is an implicit separation of software programs into two separate elements: expressive aspects, which are seen as socially driven and affectual, and functional aspects, understood as scientific and rational. In order to overcome this binary, I develop an alternative framework that examines the ways software expresses best practices, correct behaviors, and social organization. A key element of this framework is an understanding of software programs as simultaneously rhetorical and tangible objects. Given that Western society is dependent on sociotechnical systems in which software plays a crucial role, understanding the complex ways software expresses normative tasks, practices, and social orders is increasingly important.  相似文献   

自控锻炼对癌症生存者主观生活质量的影响     

汪继兵  王人卫  朱为模 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2013,(4):59-65

从社会心理学的幸福角度研究了自控锻炼对癌症生存者主观生活质量的影响,以揭示锻炼干预癌症转归的心理机制。结果表明：自控锻炼有利于增进癌症长期生存者的生活满意度,提高主观幸福感水平和主观生活质量,认为自控锻炼对生活满意度的影响受到健康状况这个中介变量的调节,即锻炼对身体和社会心理健康的促进作用进而影响到个体对生活质量的认知,使个体对自身健康的知觉维持在较高的水平,有助于锻炼者体验到更多的幸福感,并通过身心交互作用,间接增进身体健康,改善癌症转归。  相似文献   

Optimal release conditions for the free throw in men's basketball     

Chau M. Tran 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1147-1155

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum release conditions for the free throw in men's basketball. The study used hundreds of thousands of three-dimensional simulations of basketball trajectories. Five release variables were studied: release height, release speed, launch angle, side angle, and back spin. The free throw shooter was assumed to shoot at 70% and to release the ball 2.134 m (7 ft) above the ground. We found that the shooter should place up to 3 Hz of back spin on the ball, should aim the ball towards the back of the ring, and should launch the ball at 52° to the horizontal. We also found that it is desirable to release the ball as high above the ground as possible, as long as this does not adversely affect the player's launch consistency.  相似文献   

Physical Activity as a Natural Antioxidant Booster and its Effect on a Healthy Life Span     

Helaine M. Alessio  Eileen R. Blasi 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):292-302

Abstract

The recent Surgeon General's report (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996) promotes regular physical activity to enhance health. A possible mechanism by which physical activity contributes to a healthy life span is via enhanced antioxidant status. The purpose of this paper is to summarize findings from human studies on life span, health, antioxidants, and the effectiveness of physical activity as a natural antioxidant booster. Epidemiological studies concur that some antioxidants are inversely related to mortality. A single bout of exercise elevates some antioxidant enzyme and coenzyme activities. Regular physical activity enhances some antioxidants; however, strenuous exercise may diminish others. Results generally show that antioxidants play a mediating role in the way in which physical activity positively affects a healthy life span.  相似文献   

An Evaluation of the Instructional Effectiveness of a Computer Lesson in Biomechanics     

John P. Boysen  Peter R. Francis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):232-235

Abstract

The effects of augmented feedback on perceptions of ability (SPA), practice behaviors, and performance during motor skill instruction of a novel task were investigated. Fourth-grade students (N = 103) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (a) no feedback; (b) motivational feedback; (c) task feedback; or (d) motivation and task feedback. They then practiced simple and complex cupstacking skills. On a relatively simple task, the type of feedback did not have a significant effect on children's SPA, practice behaviors, or performance; but on a more complex task, differential effects of feedback were evident. Results indicate that informational feedback is an important factor in facilitating student engagement, fostering positive perceptions of ability, and ultimately improving performance on a challenging task.  相似文献   

Assessing knowledge growth in a psychology curriculum: which students improve most?     

Lydia Schaap  Henk G. Schmidt  Peter P.J.L. Verkoeijen 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2012,37(7):875-887

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into determinants of knowledge growth among first-year psychology students in a curriculum that uses the Progress Test (an assessment method for long-term retention of knowledge and knowledge growth) as its main assessment tool. To that end, the relation between the level of initial learning, prior knowledge, class attendance and individual study time, and Progress Test scores was analysed. The data showed that level of initial learning was positively associated with prior knowledge and class attendance. Further, level of initial learning was positively related to knowledge growth at the end of the first year of the curriculum. Students with higher levels of initial learning had a more extended knowledge base at the end of the first year of their curriculum than students with lower levels of initial learning. Prior knowledge, class attendance and individual study time did not have a significant relation with knowledge growth.  相似文献   

一种伙伴关系的建构:我国老年人长期照护问题研究     

郑雄飞 《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,(3):135-142,156

随着我国人口老龄化和高龄化程度的增加,尤其是在人口流动不断加速和空巢化现象突出的情况下,如何建构起能够满足老年人护理需求的服务体系,不仅是家庭问题,也是社会问题和市场问题,甚至是政治问题。通过对我国老龄化现状及老年人服务供给中存在问题的分析,建设从家庭、社会(社区)、政府和市场四个维度打造一个全方位的多维服务空间,以满足老年人的长期护理需求;这种多维空间的服务模式,事实上也是一种"伙伴关系"的建构,它具有现实可能性与实践的必要性,并可以探索出一种良好的合作机制。  相似文献   

大学英语教学机制中被动词汇与主动词汇的内在联系及其教学策略     

蔡俊 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(3):315-316

在现行的高校英语教学机制中,如何进行词汇教学一直是大学英语课程教学改革当中一个极其重要的环节。本人对广东技术师范学院天河学院非英语专业二年级216名学生进行了为期一年的词汇跟踪测试。通过相关研究,众多国内外学者、专家关于非英语专业学生被动词汇量与主动词汇量之间存在的一般规律得以验证。本文试图探索非英语专业学生控制性主动词汇,自由主动词汇,被动词汇之间的相互关系及发展规律,对大学英语教学机制中非英语专业被动词汇与主动词汇教学中存在的问题提出了相应的策略,即:现有外语教学体制在逐步重视主动产出式能力的培养的同时,教师应当丰富教学内容,灵活巧妙地增加被动词汇的输入,以促进学习者被动词汇向主动词汇的有效转化。  相似文献   

Lifelong Learning in Later Life     

Dama Mosweunyane 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(5):657-660

This article deals with the relationship between adults’ free time and further education. More specifically, the paper addresses the question of whether there are similarities and analogies between the leisure time that adults dedicate to non-formal educational activities and free time per se. A structured questionnaire was used to examine the above issue. A total of 787 adults, who were involved in some kind of non-formal education in a region of Greece, replied to the questionnaire. The results of the research revealed that, despite the fact that all those who participated in non-formal education activities have limited free time, they prefer to dedicate some of it to learning opportunities. Furthermore, it seems that a connection between the particular learning programme and the participant’s professional field is an essential factor in the choice of the programme. Conversely, personal needs and preferences, as well as individual flair, have less to do with this choice.  相似文献   

Girls’ biology,boys’ physics: evidence from free‐choice science learning settings     

Ayelet Baram‐Tsabari 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(1):75-92

Many of the explanations for girls’ disinterest in physics focus on the role of the educational system in creating this situation. Here, we use evidence from free‐choice science learning settings to study if this lack of interest is also expressed in non‐school settings. Three sets of self‐generated questions raised by children, adolescents and adults in the fields of biology and physics were used. The outcomes of this analysis show that the polar pattern previously described in school science settings, in which physics proves significantly less interesting to girls than to boys, while biology is of greater interest to girls than to boys, also appears in free‐choice science learning settings. While boys develop an interest in physics with age, girls do not develop such an interest to the same degree. Thus, the initial gap in interest is probably not based on school‐related causes, but its widening in later years probably is. A difference was also found between the genders in the type of information requested and in the motivation for raising the questions. Using topics that appeal to girls’ interest as the context of science learning could prove beneficial in the process of mainstreaming science education. These topics can be identified using girls’ spontaneous questions.  相似文献